The patient has a low-grade carcinoma on the left lateral aspect of the prostate gland and has been monitored for 5 years. Six months ago, his last prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 5 ng/mL. Which manifestation indicates that the prostate cancer may be growing and that the patient needs a change in his care? Select all that apply.
One, some, or all responses may be correct.
A. Casts in his urine.
B. Presence of α-fetoprotein.
C. Serum PSA level of 10 ng/mL.
D. Onset of erectile dysfunction.
E. Nodularity of the prostate gland.