A juice at 20°C with 8% total solids is being concentrated to 35% solids in a single-effect evaporator. The evaporator is being operated at a sufficient vacuum to allow the product moisture to evaporate at 70°C, while steam at 95% quality is being supplied at 84.55 kPa. The feed material enters the evaporator at a rate of 7000 kg/h. A small amount of energy, 2000 kJ/h, leaves the evaporator as losses to the surrounding environment. Calculate the product, vapor, steam, and condensate flow rates and the steam economy for the process, when the condensate is released at 70°C. The specific heat of the feed is 4.0 kJ/kg°C, and of concentrated product is 3.2 kJ/kg°C.



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