Answer :


Louis XIV of France creates an absolute monarchy; France emerges as the dominant power in Europe. 
Peace of Westphalia cements the legal status of the nation-state as sovereign.

Europeans were the leading powers in terms of early exploration. So they were first to travel around the world and trade with everyone. This force of commerce allowed them to aggressively colonize the rest of the world; up until the individual nations fought for their independence.
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