Answer :
I would go for (4).
The trials aimed at eliminating the excuse of.."doing my duty as ordered by my superiors" in matters of war crimes in particular against humanity (genocide, extermination, violence and retaliation against civilians, etc.)
The trials aimed at eliminating the excuse of.."doing my duty as ordered by my superiors" in matters of war crimes in particular against humanity (genocide, extermination, violence and retaliation against civilians, etc.)