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Mention somewhat control over the price and substantial control


The breakfast cereal industry has a history of being highly concentrated. In 1999, for example, the four largest firms controlled much of the market share. Kellogg's led the industry with a 32% market share, followed by General Mills at 31%, Post at 16%, and Quaker at 9%. Cereal prices were well above the cost of production. A price hike by one firm was typically matched by price hikes from the others.
In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics found that the price of cereal increased 90% from 1983 to 1995.
This was two times the rate for other foods. This increase was in spite of the fact that the price of other factors of production, such as ingredients, had gone down.
Each year, the big four firms heavily advertised and distributed millions of coupons to promote consumer loyalty. In 1993, the cereal industry aired more than 1.3 million advertisements. These ads cost $762 million dollars a day (second only to the money spent on car ads). Through this advertising, cereal firms and their brands achieved an impressive level of name recognition. Cartoon characters related to the cereals, such as Snap! Crackle! and Pop! and Tony the Tiger, have become embedded in the minds of children and adults.
Firms also used a strategy of product proliferation. They created an enormous number of brands to cover every possible niche in the market. In this way, they were able to squeeze out new, small firms.
For example, at one point General Mills's Web site boasted more than 65 varieties of breakfast cereal, Kellogg's had more than 45, and Post listed more than 25. By offering so many brands, cereal firms marketed the same core product but with dozens of small variations as a means to limit competition.
Many consumers complained about inflated cereal prices. They even asked the Federal Trade Commission to investigate alleged collusion in 1972. However, the major cereal firms prevailed, partially by contending that they offer coupons to offset rising prices.

PLEASE HELP ITS SHORT I will give you 50 points do like the photo just with this information Mention somewhat control over the price and substantial control The class=


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Explanation:

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The key points are:

1. Substantial control over price:

  - The breakfast cereal industry is highly concentrated, with the four largest firms controlling a significant market share (Kellogg's 32%, General Mills 31%, Post 16%, Quaker 9%).

  - When one firm raised prices, the others would typically match the price hike, indicating they had substantial control over prices.

  - Cereal prices increased by 90% from 1983 to 1995, which was double the rate of increase for other foods, despite the fact that the prices of production inputs had gone down.

2. Somewhat control over the price:

  - The cereal firms used strategies like heavy advertising, distribution of millions of coupons, and product proliferation to promote brand loyalty and limit competition from smaller firms.

  - The large number of brands (over 65 for General Mills, over 45 for Kellogg's, over 25 for Post) allowed them to market the same core product with small variations, further limiting competition.

  - Consumers complained about the inflated cereal prices, but the major firms were able to prevail by arguing that they offered coupons to offset the rising prices.

In summary, the breakfast cereal industry exhibited characteristics of an oligopoly, where a few large firms had substantial control over pricing and were able to maintain high prices through various competitive strategies, despite consumer complaints.

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