Answer :
a. To write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of carbon monoxide (CO) with hydrogen (H2) to produce methanol (CH3OH), we need to ensure that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. The formula for methanol includes one carbon atom, four hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The balanced chemical equation is:
CO + 2 H2 -> CH3OH
This equation tells us that one molecule of carbon monoxide reacts with two molecules of hydrogen to produce one molecule of methanol.
b. To determine the number of grams of hydrogen needed to produce 45.0 grams of methanol, we will use the concept of stoichiometry, which involves the following steps:
1. Calculate the molar mass of methanol (CH3OH) and hydrogen (H2).
2. Convert the given mass of methanol to moles.
3. Use the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation to find the moles of hydrogen needed.
4. Convert the moles of hydrogen to grams.
Let's perform these steps:
1. Molar Mass Calculation:
- Molar mass of CH3OH = (1 × molar mass of C) + (4 × molar mass of H) + (1 × molar mass of O)
= (1 × 12.01 g/mol) + (4 × 1.008 g/mol) + (1 × 15.999 g/mol)
= 12.01 g/mol + 4.032 g/mol + 15.999 g/mol
= 32.041 g/mol
- Molar mass of H2 = 2 × molar mass of H
= 2 × 1.008 g/mol
= 2.016 g/mol
2. Conversion of Mass to Moles for Methanol:
Given that 45.0 grams of methanol (CH3OH) need to be produced:
Moles of CH3OH = mass of CH3OH / molar mass of CH3OH
= 45.0 g / 32.041 g/mol
≈ 1.404 mol (rounded to three decimal places)
3. Use the Mole Ratio to Find Moles of Hydrogen:
From the balanced equation, we see that it takes 2 moles of H2 to produce 1 mole of CH3OH. Therefore, for 1.404 moles of CH3OH, we need:
Moles of H2 needed = moles of CH3OH × (2 moles H2 / 1 mole CH3OH)
= 1.404 mol × 2
= 2.808 mol
4. Conversion of Moles of Hydrogen to Grams:
Now we convert the moles of hydrogen to grams using the molar mass of hydrogen:
Grams of H2 needed = moles of H2 × molar mass of H2
= 2.808 mol × 2.016 g/mol
≈ 5.661 g (rounded to three decimal places)
Therefore, approximately 5.661 grams of hydrogen are needed to produce 45.0 grams of methanol.
Answer:
The balanced equation is: 2H2+CO→CH3OH. It requires 2 moles of H2 to make each mole of CH3OH , for a total of 5.64 g required.
Explanation:
The balanced equation is: 2H2+CO→CH3OH.One C, one O and 4 H on each side. The molar mass of methanol is 12+4+16=32 gmol−1 Number of moles: n=mM=4532=1.41 mol From the balanced equation we know that it takes 2 moles of H2 to produce each mole of methanol, so we need 2.82 mol of H2. To find the mass, m=nM=2.82⋅2=5.64 g of H2.
