Answer :

"The girl in the photograph is smiling; she must be happy" is an example of a(n) inference.

Here's why:
1. An inference is a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning. In this statement, the conclusion that the girl is happy is drawn from the observation that she is smiling. It's an assumption based on the visible evidence in the photograph.
2. Inferences involve interpreting or making sense of information that is not explicitly stated. In this case, the smile is the observable fact, and the assumption of happiness is an inference based on that fact.
3. This example illustrates how we often make inferences in our daily lives by connecting visible cues to possible emotions or states of being. It highlights the process of moving from what we see (the smile) to what we think or assume (the girl is happy).

In conclusion, the statement "The girl in the photograph is smiling; she must be happy" is an inference because it involves drawing a conclusion based on observable evidence, which is the girl's smile in this context.

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