Final answer:
Arab nationalist movements post-1945 varied in approaches to pan-Arabism between monarchies and socialist republics, impacting Arab identity and intellectual discourse.
Explanation:
Arab nationalist movements after 1945 demonstrated a pattern of divergence between Arab monarchies and Arab socialist republics in their approach to pan-Arabism. Monarchies like the Gulf States emphasized sovereignty and interstate cooperation, while socialist republics such as Egypt and Syria aimed for a unified Arab nation-state. This led to ideological battles and alternative visions of Arab identity among intellectuals and writers, like Abdallah Laroui, who challenged top-down pan-Arabism through critical writing.
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