Where art thou, Muse, that thou forget'st so long
To speak of that which gives thee all thy might?
Spend'st thou thy fury on some worthless song,
Darkening thy power to lend base subjects light?
Return, forgetful Muse, and straight redeem
In gentle numbers time so idly spent;
Sing to the ear that doth thy lays esteem
And gives thy pen both skill and argument.
Rise, resty Muse, my love's sweet face survey,
If Time have any wrinkle graven there;
If any, be a satire to decay,
And make Time's spoils despised every where.
Give my love fame faster than Time wastes life;
So thou prevent'st his scythe and crooked knife.
-"Sonnet 100,"
William Shakespeare
Which statements accurately describe the sonnet's
rhyme scheme and its effects? Check all that apply.
The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.
The rhyme scheme is abba cddc effe gg.
The lines in the couplet do not include a rhyme.
The second quatrain rhymes redeem and team,
spent and document.
The regular rhyme scheme makes the sonnet sound
musical and memorable.

The Spenserian and Shakespearean sonnets have complex rhyming schemes that contribute to the poems' structure and themes, showcasing a reversal of traditional poetic modes.

Explanation:

Spenserian:

As with the Keats poem, the rhyme scheme here is quite complicated. Using the same diagrammatic formula of a letter for each new rhyme sound, we could describe this as 'a b a b c d d ce fe f. You might notice too that indentations at the beginning of each line emphasise lines that rhyme with each other: usually the indentations are alternate, except for lines 6 and 7, which form a couplet in the middle of the stanza. It is worth telling you too that each of the stanzas ends with a variation of the line "I would that I were dead" (this is known as a refrain) so—as in Christina Rossetti's "Love From the North" a dominant sound or series of sounds throughout helps to control the mood of the poem.

The true recovery of the troubadour tradition comes with Shakespeare, the poet and playwright who "towers like a mountain peak above the surrounding foothills, but is one substance and structure with them". Most truly "of the English strain", Shakespeare's sonnets are a reversing, even a mocking of the Petrarchan mode and the Neoplatonic sublimation of passion into worship that sometimes marks the poetry of Sidney. Rather than treating the individual as a means to an end, the lowest rung on the ladder of love, Shakespeare's sonnets reverse this emphasis, valuing the individual as an end in itself, not a means to some higher goal.

Perhaps the most romantic lines in all of English literature, this final couplet declares for the individual over the ideal, for the flesh over the spirit, for immediate desire over sublimated worship. The woman described in this poem exists in the world where everything that grows holds in perfection but a little moment, and she is very probably past that little moment. But she is "rare", more singular and valuable than any of the laughably false "shes" of the post-troubadour poetic tradition who have been misrepresented through the "false compare" of poets less attuned to the beauty of this world than to the imperious demands of worlds beyond. The final couplet "effects a shift from the lyrical to the colloquial register in order to demonstrate that even goddesses are overrated".

Learn more about sonnet rhyming schemes here:

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