Answer :
Final answer:
This detailed answer explores the changing perspectives on mental deviance, mental illness, substance abuse, and chemical dependency throughout history, highlighting key shifts in beliefs and treatments.
Explanation:
Mental Deviance, Mental Illness, Substance Abuse, and Chemical Dependency Perspectives Throughout History
In different historical periods, perspectives on mental deviance, mental illness, substance abuse, and chemical dependency have varied significantly. For example, in ancient times, mental illness was often viewed as a result of supernatural forces and treated with exorcisms or rituals. In contrast, during the Middle Ages, mental illness was often linked to demonic possession, leading to brutal treatments like trepanning.
Moving into the modern era, the Enlightenment period saw a shift towards more humane treatments with the development of asylums and the moral treatment approach. However, the 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the rise of eugenics movements that stigmatized and segregated individuals with mental illnesses. Today, with advancements in psychology and psychiatry, there is a greater understanding of mental health issues and a focus on holistic approaches to treatment.
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