Answer :
Final answer:
Sterilization methods include diverse techniques like dry heat, moist heat, and radiation to eliminate all microorganisms. Moist-heat sterilization is typically more effective than dry heat due to better cell penetration. Ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light are also used for sterilization.
Explanation:
Sterilization is a process that can be achieved using various methods such as dry heat, moist heat, ultraviolet light, gas, chemicals, or ionizing radiation to eliminate all microbial life on an object or surface. This is crucial in laboratory settings to ensure aseptic conditions.
Moist-heat sterilization is often preferred over dry-heat sterilization because it is more effective in penetrating cells, thereby providing better sterilization results. For example, pasteurization, a form of moist-heat treatment, is commonly used in food industry to kill pathogens and extend shelf life.
Ionizing radiation like gamma irradiation is another effective method for sterilizing heat-sensitive items by destroying microorganisms. Nonionizing radiation, such as ultraviolet light, is suitable for surface sterilization but cannot penetrate surfaces.
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