Answer :
Final answer:
Howard Becker emphasizes the role of socially constructed meanings in deviant actions, challenging the idea that deviance is inherent to the act itself. This approach focuses on how labeling by society influences behaviors, with strain theory highlighting the importance of access to socially acceptable goals.
Explanation:
Howard Becker posits that engaging in deviant action is more dependent on developing positive socially constructed meanings about the act rather than on predisposing background characteristics. This concept is supported by the idea that deviance is a result of the application of labels by society rather than inherent to the action itself. Sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory expands on this by emphasizing the role of access to socially acceptable goals in determining conformity or deviance.
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