Answer :
The question pertains to determining the genotype of the plant's stem length based on two Punnett squares.
Let's analyze the information step-by-step:
1. First Generation Punnett Square:
```
| | t | t |
|---|---|---|
| T | Tt| Tt|
| T | Tt| Tt|
```
- This shows the crossing between a homozygous dominant plant (TT) and a homozygous recessive plant (tt).
- All offspring have the genotype Tt, which means they are all heterozygous tall plants.
2. Second Generation Punnett Square:
```
| | T | t |
|---|---|---|
| T | TT| Tt|
| t | Tt| tt|
```
- This shows the crossing between two heterozygous plants (Tt).
- The genotypes of the offspring are as follows:
- TT: Homozygous dominant (tall stem)
- Tt: Heterozygous (tall stem)
- tt: Homozygous recessive (short stem)
Based on these Punnett squares, we can identify the correct statements:
1. "Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait."
- True. Plants with short stems have the genotype tt, which is homozygous recessive.
2. "Plants with tall stems are always homozygous for that trait."
- False. Plants with tall stems can have the genotype TT (homozygous dominant) or Tt (heterozygous).
3. "All the offspring plants in the second generation are heterozygous."
- False. The second-generation offspring include TT (homozygous dominant), Tt (heterozygous), and tt (homozygous recessive).
4. "Both parent plants in the second generation are homozygous."
- False. The parents in the second generation are heterozygous (Tt).
Given the analysis, the two true statements are:
- Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait.
- This statement is true based on the Punnett squares: Plants with short stems have the genotype tt, which is homozygous recessive.
Let's analyze the information step-by-step:
1. First Generation Punnett Square:
```
| | t | t |
|---|---|---|
| T | Tt| Tt|
| T | Tt| Tt|
```
- This shows the crossing between a homozygous dominant plant (TT) and a homozygous recessive plant (tt).
- All offspring have the genotype Tt, which means they are all heterozygous tall plants.
2. Second Generation Punnett Square:
```
| | T | t |
|---|---|---|
| T | TT| Tt|
| t | Tt| tt|
```
- This shows the crossing between two heterozygous plants (Tt).
- The genotypes of the offspring are as follows:
- TT: Homozygous dominant (tall stem)
- Tt: Heterozygous (tall stem)
- tt: Homozygous recessive (short stem)
Based on these Punnett squares, we can identify the correct statements:
1. "Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait."
- True. Plants with short stems have the genotype tt, which is homozygous recessive.
2. "Plants with tall stems are always homozygous for that trait."
- False. Plants with tall stems can have the genotype TT (homozygous dominant) or Tt (heterozygous).
3. "All the offspring plants in the second generation are heterozygous."
- False. The second-generation offspring include TT (homozygous dominant), Tt (heterozygous), and tt (homozygous recessive).
4. "Both parent plants in the second generation are homozygous."
- False. The parents in the second generation are heterozygous (Tt).
Given the analysis, the two true statements are:
- Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait.
- This statement is true based on the Punnett squares: Plants with short stems have the genotype tt, which is homozygous recessive.