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2. Why is it difficult to determine whether crisis-related behaviors are attributed to respondent conditioning?

A. Respondent conditioning has not been proven to exist in the display of any behavior.
B. Gaining experimental control over a stimulus requires medical testing equipment.
C. The only type of conditioning that has been researched is operant conditioning.
D. Respondent conditioning is a phenomenon that has been proven to only exist in non-human subjects.



Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

Respondent conditioning involves involuntary behaviors shaped by stimuli, while operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors influenced by consequences.


Explanation:

Respondent conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, involves learning new associations with prior behaviors that are involuntary responses to specific stimuli. This type of conditioning can be observed in both humans and animals, shaping attitudes and feelings. It differs from operant conditioning, which focuses on voluntary behaviors influenced by consequences.



Respondent conditioning describes changes in attitudes and feelings, such as developing a love for learning or building self-confidence, through involuntary responses triggered by external stimuli. Researchers study how individuals learn to predict the occurrence of positive or negative stimuli, showing the ability to detect correlations and adjust behavior based on consequences.



In contrast, operant conditioning emphasizes how consequences affect voluntary behaviors, where individuals actively engage in behaviors to receive rewards. This type of conditioning highlights the role of consequences in shaping voluntary actions and is integral to understanding behavior in experimental settings.


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