Answer :
Certainly! Let's look at each type of mutation and match it with the correct changed nucleotide sequence.
### Original Sequence:
CATTCACACG
### Given Changed Sequences:
1. CAITCACACA
2. CAITCACACCACG
3. CAITTCACACG
4. CATTCACG
5. CATTGCACAC
We need to determine which changed sequence corresponds to each type of mutation:
1. Deletion:
- A deletion mutation involves the removal of one or more nucleotides from the original sequence.
- The sequence missing a part would be shorter.
- Changed Sequence: CATTCACG
- This sequence results from the deletion of "ACA".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{deletion}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTCACG} \][/tex]
2. Insertion:
- An insertion mutation involves adding one or more nucleotides to the original sequence.
- The sequence would be longer due to the addition.
- Changed Sequence: CATTCACACCG
- This sequence results from the insertion of "C" after "ACA".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{insertion}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTCACACCG} \][/tex]
3. Inversion:
- An inversion mutation involves a segment of the sequence being flipped or reversed.
- A segment within the sequence would appear backward.
- Changed Sequence: CATTACACACG
- This sequence results from the inversion of "TCAC" to "CACA".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{inversion}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTACACACG} \][/tex]
4. Duplication:
- A duplication mutation involves the repetition of a segment within the sequence.
- The sequence will have a repeated segment.
- Changed Sequence: CATTCACACACACG
- This sequence results from duplicating the segment "CATCAC", adding "ACAC".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{duplication}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTCACACACACG} \][/tex]
5. Substitution:
- A substitution mutation involves replacing one nucleotide with another.
- The length of the sequence remains the same.
- Changed Sequence: CATTGCACACG
- This sequence results from substituting "T" with "G" at position 5.
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{substitution}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTGCACACG} \][/tex]
### Matching the Changed Sequences to the Types of Mutations:
[tex]\[ \begin{array}{|c|l|l|} \hline \text{Type of Mutation} & \text{Original Nucleotide} & \text{Changed Nucleotide} \\ \hline \text{Deletion} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTCACG} \\ \hline \text{Insertion} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTCACACCG} \\ \hline \text{Inversion} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTACACACG} \\ \hline \text{Duplication} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTCACACACACG} \\ \hline \text{Substitution} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTGCACACG} \\ \hline \end{array} \][/tex]
### Original Sequence:
CATTCACACG
### Given Changed Sequences:
1. CAITCACACA
2. CAITCACACCACG
3. CAITTCACACG
4. CATTCACG
5. CATTGCACAC
We need to determine which changed sequence corresponds to each type of mutation:
1. Deletion:
- A deletion mutation involves the removal of one or more nucleotides from the original sequence.
- The sequence missing a part would be shorter.
- Changed Sequence: CATTCACG
- This sequence results from the deletion of "ACA".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{deletion}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTCACG} \][/tex]
2. Insertion:
- An insertion mutation involves adding one or more nucleotides to the original sequence.
- The sequence would be longer due to the addition.
- Changed Sequence: CATTCACACCG
- This sequence results from the insertion of "C" after "ACA".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{insertion}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTCACACCG} \][/tex]
3. Inversion:
- An inversion mutation involves a segment of the sequence being flipped or reversed.
- A segment within the sequence would appear backward.
- Changed Sequence: CATTACACACG
- This sequence results from the inversion of "TCAC" to "CACA".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{inversion}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTACACACG} \][/tex]
4. Duplication:
- A duplication mutation involves the repetition of a segment within the sequence.
- The sequence will have a repeated segment.
- Changed Sequence: CATTCACACACACG
- This sequence results from duplicating the segment "CATCAC", adding "ACAC".
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{duplication}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTCACACACACG} \][/tex]
5. Substitution:
- A substitution mutation involves replacing one nucleotide with another.
- The length of the sequence remains the same.
- Changed Sequence: CATTGCACACG
- This sequence results from substituting "T" with "G" at position 5.
[tex]\[ \text{Original: } \text{CATTCACACG} \stackrel{\text{substitution}}{\longrightarrow} \text{CATTGCACACG} \][/tex]
### Matching the Changed Sequences to the Types of Mutations:
[tex]\[ \begin{array}{|c|l|l|} \hline \text{Type of Mutation} & \text{Original Nucleotide} & \text{Changed Nucleotide} \\ \hline \text{Deletion} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTCACG} \\ \hline \text{Insertion} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTCACACCG} \\ \hline \text{Inversion} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTACACACG} \\ \hline \text{Duplication} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTCACACACACG} \\ \hline \text{Substitution} & \text{CATTCACACG} & \text{CATTGCACACG} \\ \hline \end{array} \][/tex]
