Answer :
Let's analyze the temperatures of the four substances: W, X, Y, and Z, found in the table.
1. Comparing W and Z:
- Temperature of W = 12°C
- Temperature of Z = 20°C
- Since 12 is less than 20, the particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z.
2. Comparing X and Z:
- Temperature of X = 18°C
- Temperature of Z = 20°C
- Since 18 is less than 20, the particles in substance X have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z.
3. Comparing W and X:
- Temperature of W = 12°C
- Temperature of X = 18°C
- Since 12 is less than 18, the particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance X.
4. Comparing Z and Y:
- Temperature of Z = 20°C
- Temperature of Y = 9°C
- Since 20 is greater than 9, the particles in substance Z have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Y.
Now, let's look at the provided conclusions:
1. "The particles in substance W have a greater average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z."
- This statement is false because the particles in W have a lower average kinetic energy than those in Z.
2. "The particles in substance X have a greater average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z."
- This statement is false because the particles in X have a lower average kinetic energy than those in Z.
3. "The particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance X."
- This statement is true because the particles in W have a lower average kinetic energy than those in X.
4. "The particles in substance Z have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Y."
- This statement is false because the particles in Z have a higher average kinetic energy than those in Y.
Therefore, the best-supported conclusion by the data is:
- "The particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance X."
1. Comparing W and Z:
- Temperature of W = 12°C
- Temperature of Z = 20°C
- Since 12 is less than 20, the particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z.
2. Comparing X and Z:
- Temperature of X = 18°C
- Temperature of Z = 20°C
- Since 18 is less than 20, the particles in substance X have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z.
3. Comparing W and X:
- Temperature of W = 12°C
- Temperature of X = 18°C
- Since 12 is less than 18, the particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance X.
4. Comparing Z and Y:
- Temperature of Z = 20°C
- Temperature of Y = 9°C
- Since 20 is greater than 9, the particles in substance Z have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Y.
Now, let's look at the provided conclusions:
1. "The particles in substance W have a greater average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z."
- This statement is false because the particles in W have a lower average kinetic energy than those in Z.
2. "The particles in substance X have a greater average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z."
- This statement is false because the particles in X have a lower average kinetic energy than those in Z.
3. "The particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance X."
- This statement is true because the particles in W have a lower average kinetic energy than those in X.
4. "The particles in substance Z have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Y."
- This statement is false because the particles in Z have a higher average kinetic energy than those in Y.
Therefore, the best-supported conclusion by the data is:
- "The particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance X."
